The formation, development, and challenges of Protestantism in Korea

Abstract

This paper examines the formation, development, and challenges faced by Protestantism in Korea through the three significant historical periods from 1884 to the present. The introduction period (1884-1909) marked the beginning of Protestantism in Korea, driven by the efforts of international missionaries, including translating the Bible into Korean, as well as establishing schools and hospitals. During the Japanese colonial period (1910-1945), the Protestant community encountered political pressures but played a pivotal role in the national independence movement, resulting in both the Protestant growth and the enhanced social significance. After Korea’s liberation (1945-1960), the Protestant community continued to expand, particularly during the industrialization era (1960-1995), when Protestantism adapted to rapid economic and social changes. However, since 1995, Protestantism has faced significant challenges, including competitiveness from modern values, faith decline, and internal issues. This paper not only provides a comprehensive overview of the developmental stages but also analyzes valuable lessons from history, as well as emphasizes the importance of repositioning Protestantism to better align with contemporary society and serve the community more effectively.