Science & Technology Development Journal - Social Sciences & Humanities

Source Domain “war” in American English business news discourse

2020-07-13T20:13:26+00:00

Conceptual metaphor can be understood as the mapping between two conceptual domains whereas the linguistic metaphor is the linguistic expression of the mapping. Conceptual metaphor is the system of ideas mapped according to the perception of human being about life and expressed by linguistic metaphor. Conceptual metaphor with source domain WAR is one of the most common metaphors used in American English business news discourse. In conceptual metaphor model BUSINESS IS WAR, it can be found many words related to war such as ‘attack’, ‘withdraw’, ‘invade’, ‘besiege’, ‘fight’, ‘win’, ‘defense’, etc... which are used in business news discourse. Through the mapping of this metaphor model, companies can be seen as the military in a war; the businessmen correspond to the soldiers in a fight, and the battles are conceived as competitions on price and market share. This result is similar to the conclusion about conceptual metaphor of ARGUMENT IS WAR by Lakoff & Johnson, which mentions that the use of war metaphors to understand the source domain of ARGUMENT is not accidental. The authors argue that while there is no physical battle, there is a verbal battle and the structure of a debate (including attack, defense, counterattack, etc.) reflects this.

Ottoman historical sources regarding China and the diplomatic Relations between the Ming Dynasty and the Ottoman Empire in the records of Mingshi

2020-07-13T20:13:34+00:00

This paper firstly investigates the perception of the Ottoman Turks on China and Chinese which was reflected in “Khitaynameh” (Book of China) by Ali Ekber and “Kitab-ı Tevarih-i Padişahan-ı Vilayet-i Hindu ve Hitây” (Book on the Histories of the Rulers of the India and China) by Seyfî Çelebi. These were two typical historical geographical works written in the 16^th century, indicating the interest of the Ottoman Turks in the country and people of China during the Ming Dynasty. Both works contain valuable records of China’s topography, history, economy, social life and traditional customs. The Ottoman Turks used the term Khitay (Hitay) and Chin to talk about China in these works. Next, the paper analyzes the Chinese perception on the Ottoman Turks and explicates the origin of name Lumi (Rumi State). Then, according to the official records of the Ming Dynasty, the paper describes the major events of the relations between the Ming Dynasty and the Ottoman Empire in the 16^th-17^th centuries. Based on the chronicles of Mingshi (History of the Ming Dynasty), the Ottoman Turks sent their envoys seven times to China in 1524, 1527, 1559, 1564, 1576, 1581 and 1618. According to Ming shilu (Veritable Records of the Ming) and Da Ming hui dian (Collected Statues of the Great Ming), the Ottoman delegations paid visits to China for a total of 19 times. And one of the particular details recorded is that because the Ottoman Empire often sent the tributes of lions and rhinoceroses to the Ming court, the relations between the two countries during this period were expresed in a metaphorical way as “lion diplomacy”.

Agricultural tourism – from experience in a number of countries and territories around the world to development in Yeongdong County, Chungcheongbuk Province, South Korea

2020-07-13T20:13:32+00:00

Agricultural tourism (DLNN) has been invested and developed by countries around the world since the early days with strategic orientation and clear policies. It is considered an important task in the national and local socio-economic development process. Agriculture tourism in the Yeongdong County has been fostered since 1990s, especially since the year 2008, it has been given special attention to. Through the process of development, local economy develops through the economic crisis, empowering Yeongdong County to become the most famous wine-producing area of Korea and the world. The agricultural tourism activities here include the experiences of picking grapes, foot soaking into wine, drinking wine, visiting the wine production process, experiencing local farmers’ life, etc. The objective of this research is to understand the experiences of developing agricultural tourism in several countries around the world, at the same time, to analyze the situation of agricultural tourism development in Yeongdong County, South Korea. In this paper, qualitative research with data collected from books and research papers in the research fields are used. Field surveys are also applied together with in-depth interviews with local government, local households and companies engaging in the agricultural tourism in Yeongdong district. The results show that agricultural tourism activities in Yeongdong County have achieved certain success under the right policies, management of local governments and the cooperation consensus of the local communities.

The process of making Vietnam’s foreign policy with the United States based on David Easton’s model

2020-07-13T20:13:35+00:00

Since 2001, Vietnam has gradually built and implemented strategic and comprehensive partnerships with some of the World’s great powers. The behaviors of Vietnam have brought skepticism from international community. Besides, the differences in the nature of “Strategic Partnership”, “Comprehensive Partnership” and “Comprehensive Strategic Partnership” in Vietnam's foreign policy are paid much attention to by scholars and scientific researchers. Because of the long-term strategic national interests, Vietnam-US relations strongly elevated from the normalization of bilateral relations to the level of comprehensive partners in 2013. Since 2017, the two countries have planned to upgrade their relations from comprehensive partnership level to strategic partnership level. In this context, the paper focuses on the application of systemic approaches in Vietnam's foreign policy making, with the content “The Process of Making Vietnam’s Foreign Policy with the United States based on David Easton’s Model”. The paper will analyze the process of making Vietnam’s foreign policy with Unites States based on David Easton’s Model. In addition, the paper also provide forecasts of the possibility of adjusting Vietnam's foreign policy towards the United States, especially upgrading the relations to strategic partnerships.

Investigating the organizational struture and human resources participating in composing the legal documents of the Second Republic of Vietnam (1967-1975)

2020-07-13T20:13:27+00:00

Building and completing the legal documents is an important mission of all of the authorities to administer and manage the countries. The first thing to do is to shape an organizational structure and human resources which can carry out the mission. Recognizing that problem, there was much attention paid to the mission under the regime of the Second Republic of South Vietnam. The government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (RVN) took many actions to strengthen and consolidate the system of the professional bodies relating to building the system of regulations. Moreover, in order to improve the quality of the personnel involved in the mission’s implementation, the government also set out specific methods to train and foster their professional skills and qualification. Therefore, it lead to the step-by-step changes, which went towards making it more effective and professional, in organizational system and the quality of human resources who drafted and promulgated the legal documents of the Second Republic of South Vietnam. Although the RVN regime collapsed, it provided historical experience from which we can learn and then utilize in constructing the better legal documents nowadays. The article aims to analyze and clarify the struture of professional organization and the training courses provided for the civil servant participating in building the legal documents during the regime of the Second Republic of South Viet Nam (1967-1975).

Studying about the family's role in taking care of the elderly in Vietnam today - Through the research in elderly care homes in Ho Chi Minh city

2020-07-13T20:13:31+00:00

Population aging is the most important trend of the 21^st century in the world. Vietnam has officially entered the period of population aging since 2014 with the fastest aging rate. “Population aging” is a noticeable topic in Vietnam today. And in fact, according to many researchers, the number, especially the number of in-depth researches and applicable researches are still limited. Based on the inheriting of precedence researches and the result of my fieldwork study conducted in nursing homes in Ho Chi Minh city, from a new viewpoint, the paper aims to explore the traditional role of elderly care of the family in relationship with using nursing home today. Until now, the traditional family has played the main role in elderly care in Vietnam. In the context of changing society under the impact of urbanization and industrialization today, studying about the traditional role of elderly care of family, the relationship between family and the trend of "socialization" of elderly care, the changes and predicted future trend when compared with Japan, etc. would be necessary. The research result shows that the Vietnamese still have a strong negative attitude toward elderly care homes, and the traditional role of the family of elderly care is still deeply maintained. But at the same time, some basic changes have also confirmed, such as the change in traditional filial piety, the strengthening of the role of social services such as elderly care homes, etc. It can be said that this is the outstanding characteristic of the status of elderly care in Vietnam today. And based on comparing with other countries, the study also shows that in order to find an effective elderly care model in Vietnam, it is necessary to pay much attention to the relationship with the family.

Lê Tuyên’s literary criticism and Camus’s existentialist philosophy

2020-07-13T20:13:29+00:00

Lê Tuyên was among the most notable literary critics of South Vietnam during the period 1954 – 1975. He has been best known for being one of the first Vietnamese to adopt and apply phenomenological criticism, especially Bachelardian analysis of the imaginaire and poetic reveries. However, in our opinion, there are other philosophical views rather than Bachelardian thought embedded in Lê Tuyên’s literary criticism, one of which is existentialist ideas. In this paper, based on the fact that Lê Tuyên frequently cited Camus and published several articles introducing Camus’s ideas, we would like to discover the notable relationship between Lê Tuyên and Albert Camus with an aim to get deeper insight into the existential perspective in Lê Tuyên’s literary criticism. We thus make a comparison between Camus’s existentialist philosophy and Lê Tuyên’s view of human life presented in his works of literary criticism. There are two main similarities. Firstly, Camus and Lê Tuyên both focused on discovering and analyzing the absurdity of human condition. They also both argued that absurdity is not a property of life, but an experience formed in our relationship with the world. Secondly, while analyzing the revolt of heroes and heroines in Vietnamese late-medieval literature agaisnt absurdity, Lê Tuyên agreed with Camus that illusory hopes, metaphysical beliefs and ignorant rebellions should be criticized, but it is crucial to dialogue with life, to fully understand what life is and what we truly are.

The theme of nature in The Thorn Birds

2020-07-13T20:13:33+00:00

The Thorn Birds by Colleen McCullough (1937-2015) is one of the most popular Australian novels in Vietnam, which is mentioned in the curriculum of Australian Studies – a major of the Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City). In general, the themes which mainly attract readers’ attention are the great love story between Meggie Cleary – a beautiful, tough woman and Ralph de Bricassart – an ambitious Catholic priest, and (or) an inevitable tragedy resulted from the conflict between the love for God and that for man. However, exerting much focus on human relationships in The Thorn Birds makes it hard to see another important “figure” – nature – as well as the relationship between human and nature in the West of Australia, the main setting of the novel where the climate is harsh, unique and sometimes unpredictable. Since the theme of nature accounts for a large content of the novel, The Thorn Birds is likely to be an interesting subject to eco-critical studies. In this paper, from the perspective of ecocriticism, we try to point out how the theme of nature is treated in this novel, including how the figure of nature being depicted, how the human-nature relationship being dealt with and how nature is embracing human life and “telling” human stories. We also indicate the possible connection between literature and daily human life, and between a 1977 Australian novel which tells us the stories of the natural cycle, the bushfires, the imported animals, etc. and the unusual wildfires which occurred in this country at the beginning of the year 2020. In addition, by evaluating as a typical Australian novel from eco-critical perspectives, we hope to introduce a new approach to conduct research on Australian literature at the Department of Australian Studies and for other researches of literature major in the University.

Khmer people’s language attitude in informal communication in Soc Trang province

2020-07-13T20:13:36+00:00

The language attitude of Khmer people in informal communication in Soc Trang province is a topic in the field of social linguistics, which studies Khmer people’s attitudes in using their mother tongue and the Vietnamese language in informal communication, especially their mother tongue. The language attitude is expressed mainly in the scope of family communication and in that of social communication. As far as family communication is concerned, Khmer people often use language to communicate with grandparents and parents, with descendants, and with relatives and guests. In terms of social communication, Khmer people frequently use the language to communicate in some familiar places such as markets, bus stations, shops, supermarkets, and cultural venues. In addition, Khmer people also use language to communicate in some other cases such as talking on the phone, praying and worshiping, singing, singing a lullaby, etc. Surveys, quantitative and qualitative data, combined with observations and in-depth interviews show such results as: Khmer people in Soc Trang hold respectful attitudes with the sense of conservation and preservation of their mother tongue in the multi-ethnic and multilingual context, which is a completely voluntary attitude originating from the needs of real communication of the locality. In addition, the survey results show that Khmer people also show respect for the Vietnamese language. The Vietnamese language and the Khmer language are an important means of communication in Khmer people’s natural and social life. Each language has a different role and position in the social and family communication environment.

Japanese Philosophy of Education in the 21st Century

2020-07-13T20:13:28+00:00

Since the Second World War (1945), stepping into the modern period, Japan has many times carried out innovation in the education system from education content to methods, infrastructure, organization, and educational policy. However, through the enactment and rectification of the basic education law, the Japanese government only proceeded to revise the national educational mission twice. The first time was in 1947, aiming to eliminate all educational remnants of modern combative militarism, to educate individuals to be independent and creative, to exert self-control in the spirit of American-style democratic philosophy of education; and the second time was in 2006, aiming to bring the country through dramatic changes of the society due to the wave of modernization and globalization, to welcome “the 100-year life” and develop “super-smart society” as reported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan in 2016. The paper uses data collection and analyzing methods specifically for legal documents on Japanese education so as to point out two new elements in Japanese educational philosophy at the threshold of the 21^st century, activities to realize the new educational philosophy, as well as making general observations about the main cause leading to the formation of these two new elements in Japanese educational philosophy in the 21^st century.