The classification of discourse markers in Vietnamese language

2025-11-07T15:57:59+07:00

Discourse markers play a crucial role in organizing information and maintaining coherence in discourse; however, their classification system in Vietnamese language has not yet been thoroughly and systematically explored. This paper aims to classify the Vietnamese discourse markers based on three main criteria: pragmatic function, sentence position, and morphological structure. The research data is drawn from literary works to ensure the accuracy, representativeness, and expressive richness of the linguistic units under investigation. The findings reveal that the Vietnamese discourse markers exhibit functional diversity, including information linkage, discourse navigation, and the expression of speaker attitudes, emotions, and stances. In terms of position, discourse markers may appear at the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence, with the initial position being the most common, often used for initiating, drawing attention, or shifting topics. Morphologically, they can take the form of single words, phrases, or even dependent clauses, demonstrating considerable flexibility in form and use. The study also highlights the multifunctionality and context-dependent variability of many discourse markers, which complicates the classification and calls for a flexible analytical approach. These insights help to clarify the features of Vietnamese discourse markers and provide a foundation for further research in pragmatics, Vietnamese language teaching, and translation studies.

The reason on its way of Becoming - Reading The Brothers Karamazov by F. M. Dostoevsky from Hegelian philosophy

2025-08-07T23:41:47+07:00

What can reason be if not precisely the becoming of reason from its own sentient, irrational past? This seems an unfamiliar argument in current research trends approaching Dostoevsky as a critic against reason. Negating such dualistic perception, Hegel’s The Phenomenology of Spirit reveals to us the temporal character of reason, or reason on its way of becoming, a journey of knowing evolving from observing reason, actualizing reason to real reason. The observing reason enters the world with friendly admiration and hopes to grasp the Notion through pure curiosity in doing scientific research; whereas the actualizing reason must struggle to survive in harsh and impoverished reality, fight for virtue over greed, and search for a way out of great misery through fervent faith. At last, the real reason determines ethical laws and proceeds to construct society and the state. At this point, the reason will transform into the moment of spirit - a new chapter of becoming opens, followed by moments of religion and absolute knowledge. From a Hegelian point of view, Dostoevsky is a phenomenologist who describes the activity of reason to us. Each character in The Brothers Karamazov appears not as a detached existence but entails the weight and the floating sphere of Spirit, meanwhile, their will and emotion represent the reason on its way of becoming.

VNUHCM Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities

The classification of discourse markers in Vietnamese language

The reason on its way of Becoming - Reading The Brothers Karamazov by F. M. Dostoevsky from Hegelian philosophy